Training Example: World of Molecules – Review the Data, Give Your Score & Compare to the Real AI Evaluation

[IMG: surose molecule]

[H3] Food Molecules
What are foods? Read about Fats, Fatty acids, Trans Fatty Acids, Proteins, Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Phenolics, Aroma and Taste

[IMG: curcumin molecule]

[H3] Antioxidants
Many compounds have been shown to have positive antioxidants effects . Read about Carotenoids, Vitamin E, Resveratrol, Epicatechin, Vitamin C, Proanthocyanidins...

[IMG: folic acid molecule]

[H3] Supplements
What is a food supplement? Read about the B vitamins, Vitamin D, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, Herbs and Botanicals, Amino Acids ...

[IMG: DNA molecule]

[H3] Molecules-Life
Molecules of Life --DNA sometimes called the "molecule of heredity", is the primary chemical component of chromosomes and is the material of which genes are made.

[IMG: serotonin molecule - ball and stickModel]

[H3] Molecules of Emotion
What are emotions? What molecules make you feel the way you do? Molecules of Emotion are: Adrenaline, Testosterone, Serotonin, Dopamine.

[IMG: Prion Molecule -- Ribbon Structure Model]

[H3] Molecules of Disease
Mad Cow Disease, Heart Disease, Cancer, Arthritis have one or several molecular causes. .. Cytokines, Hemoglobin S, Prions, Cholesterol,...

[IMG: Penicillin Molecule --Ball and Stick Model]

[H3] Drug Molecules
What is a drug? Read about Drug Molecules such as: Aspirin, AZT, Benadryl, Nicotine, Penicillin, Prozac, Ibuprofen, Lipitor, Novocaine, Oxycodone, Linzess, Ritalin.. see 3D structures..

[IMG: DDT Molecule -- Ball and Stick Model]

[H3] Pesticides and Insecticides
What are pesticides and Insecticides, Read about common Pesticide and Insectides such as: DDT, Pyrethrum,Cypermehtrin, Rotenone....

[IMG: acetone molecule -- Ball-and-Stick model]

[H3] Solvent Molecules
What is a solvent? Water, organic compounds, such as Benzene, Turpentine,, Ethanol, Benzene, Acetone.

[IMG: hexane molecule ball-and-stick model]

[H3] Fuel Molecules
What is a Fuel? Read about Fuel Molecules such as: Methane, Ethane, Propane, Pentane, Octane, Decane, Butane, Ethanol..

[IMG: chlorophyll molecule from photosythetic protein]

[H3] Molecules of Color
What are pigments and dyes. Read about: Beta-Carotene, Astaxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Turmeric, Chlorophyll...

[IMG: Nanotube Molecular Steucture -- Wireframe Model]

[H3] Materials
Read and view molecular structures for materials such as: Diamond, Fullerene, Cotton, Styrene, Graphite, Nylon, Teflon, Plexiglass...

[IMG: K-12 molecular modeling]

[H3] Molecules for K-12
Activities designed to introduce K-12 (middle and high school) students to the world of molecules -- Jsmol is now used. Many activities contain javascript assessments.

[IMG: Nanotube Molecular Steucture -- Wireframe Model]

[H3] Explain it with Molecules
How does soap work, why does ice float, what is the geometry of methane, how does caffeine work in the brain, how to drugs work, diamond vs. graphite and more...

[IMG: acid and base molecules]

[H3] Acid and Bases
Common acid and base molecules--HCl, Acetic Acid, Lactic Acid, Sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide...

[IMG: jsmol showing methane molecule]

[H3] 3-D using Jsmol
See molecules interactively using Jsmol-- hydrocarbons, drugs, amino acids, fats and fatty acids, photosynthetic molecules ...

READ MORE ABOUT:

L-Theanine found in green tea --Its Role in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
How does the anti-viral drug Molnupiravir work against Covid-19?
What is a molecule? When is a molecule also a compound?
Where to get pdb and mol files of Proteins and Small Molecules
How does soap destroy the Coronavirus?
Anti-Aging and Senolytic Molecules
Periodic Table of Elements
3D -- Molecules using Jsmol -- interactive --
What is Molecular Modeling?
Free Molecular Modeling Software?
What are the effects of exercise on the brain-- healthy molecules from exercise?
Why is Molecular Modeling Important?
Simple Carbon Compounds K-12
Difference in Molecular Structure-- Water and Ice
Visualize hydrogen bonds in water and ice using Jsmol
What Role does Mathematics play in Molecular Modeling?
Mathematical Relationships in Molecular Modeling
How does Soap Work?
What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology Companies and Stocks
K-12 Stem Activities
What is dietary fiber?
The Collagen Molecule --and-- What's the difference between collagen and gelatin -- and collagen hydrolysate?
Cannabinoid and Endocannabinoid molecules: THC, Cannabidiol, Anandamide, ..2-AG...

MOLECULES IN THE NEWS:

Research Roundup: New Molecule Slows Broad Range of Cancer Types and More --November 15, 2019
The fatty acid molecule propionate produced in the gut from fiber shown to protect the cardiovascular system December 28.2018
How to get the most out of spinach: Maximizing the antioxidant lutein December 21,2018
Researchers discover potential small molecule antidote to botulism - November 3, 2018
Cannabidiol significantly reduces seizures in patients with severe form of epilepsy - May 18, 2018
Mechanism for how alcohol increases cancer risk Jan 2018
MitoQ a novel antioxidant makes old blood vessels seem young again April 19, 2018
Spermidine-rich foods may prevent liver cancer, extend lifespan April 2017
Peptide targeting senescent cells restores stamina in elderly mice March 2017
Capsaicin, an active ingredient of pungent substances such as chilli or pepper, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells Dec. 2016
Towards a better screen: New molecules promise cheaper, more efficient OLED displays - August 8,2016
Russian scientists speed up human tissue regeneration with supermolecule - August 6,2016
Urolithin A Molecule --Pomegranate finally reveals its powerful anti-aging secret -- July 11, 2016
First mirror image molecule spotted in interstellar space -- June 14, 2016
--SEE MORE MOLECULES IN THE NEWS--

[H1] Food Molecules

[H3] What is Food?
Food is any substance normally eaten or drunk by living things. The term food also includes liquid drinks. Food is the main source of energy and of nutrition for animals, and is usually of animal or plant origin. There are 4 (four) basic food energy sources: fats, proteins, carbohydrates and alchol.
Historical development
Humans are omnivorous animals that can consume both plant and animal products. We changed from gatherers to hunter gatherers. After the experience of the Ice Age it is probable that humans wanted to create some feeling of security by controlling what plants were growing and which animals were available. This led to agriculture, which has continually improved and altered the way in which food is obtained.
[H3] Types of Food?
Fats
In biochemistry, fat is a generic term for a class of lipids. Fats are produced by organic processes in animals and plants. All fats are insoluble in water and have a density significantly below that of water (i.e. they float on water.) Fats that are liquid at room temperature are often referred to as oil. Most fats are composed primarily of triglycerides; some monoglycerides and diglycerides are mixed in, produced by incomplete esterification. These are extracted and used as an ingredient.Products with a lot of saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature, while products containing unsaturated fats, which include monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats, tend to be liquid at room temperature. Predominantly saturated fats (solid at room temperature) include all animal fats (e.g. milk fat, lard, tallow), as well as palm oil, coconut oil, cocoa fat and hydrogenated vegetable oil (shortening). All other vegetable fats, such as those coming from olive, peanut, maize (corn oil), cottonseed, sunflower, safflower, and soybean, are predominantly unsaturated and remain liquid at room temperature. However, both vegetable and animal fats contain saturated and unsaturated fats. Some oils (such as olive oil) contain in majority monounsaturated fats, while others present quite a high percentage of polyunsaturated fats (sunflower, rape).

Myristic
Acid
Palmitic
Acid

Oleic
Acid
Arachidonic
Acid

Palmitoleic
Acid
Cholesterol

Omega-6
Lauric Acid

Linoleic
Acid
Phosphatidyl
Choline

Trans
Fatty Acids
Omega-3

Butyrate
Omega-7

Stearic
Acid

Proteins
A protein is a complex, high molecular weight organic compound that consists of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Protein is essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses. Many proteins are enzymes or subunits of enzymes. Other proteins play structural or mechanical roles, such as those that form the struts and joints of the "cytoskeleton." Proteins are also nutrient sources for organisms that do not produce their own energy from sunlight. Proteins differ from carbohydrates chiefly in that they contain much nitrogen and a little bit of sulfur, besides carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Proteins are a primary constituent of living things.
In carnivores protein is one of the largest component of the diet. The metabolism of proteins by the body releases ammonia, an extremely toxic substance. It is then converted in the liver into urea, a much less toxic chemical, which is excreted in urine. Some animals convert it into uric acid instead.
Protein nutrition in humans
In terms of human nutritional needs, proteins come in two forms: complete proteins contain all eight of the amino acids that humans cannot produce themselves, while incomplete proteins lack or contain only a very small proportion of one or more. Humans' bodies can make use of all the amino acids they extract from food for synthesizing new proteins, but the inessential ones themselves need not be supplied by the diet, because our cells can make them ourselves. When protein is listed on a nutrition label it only refers to the amount of complete proteins in the food, though the food may be very strong in a subset of the essential amino acids. Animal-derived foods contain all of those amino acids, while plants are typically stronger in some acids than others. Complete proteins can be made in an all vegan diet by eating a sufficient variety of foods and by getting enough calories. It was once thought that in order to get the complete proteins vegans needed to do protein combining by getting all amino acids in the same meal (the most common example is eating beans with rice) but nutritionists now know that the benefits of protein combining can be achieved over the longer period of the day. Ovo-lacto vegetarians usually do not have this problem, since egg's white and cow's milk contain all essential amino acids. Peanuts, soy milk, nuts, seeds, green peas, Legumes, the alga spirulina and some grains are some of the richest sources of plant protein.
All eight essential amino acids must be part of one diet in order to survive and are needed in a fixed ratio. A shortage on any one of these amino acids will constrain the body's ability to make the proteins it needs to function.
Different foods contain different ratios of the essential amino acids. By mixing foods that are rich in some amino acids with foods that are rich in others, one can acquire all the needed amino acids in sufficient quantities. Omnivores typically eat a sufficient variety of foods that this is not an issue, however, vegetarians and especially vegans should be careful to eat appropriate combinations of foods (e.g. nuts and green vegetables) so as to get all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantities that the body may produce all the proteins that it needs.
Protein deficiency can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, insulin resistance, hair loss, loss of hair pigment (hair that should be black becomes reddish), loss of muscle mass (proteins repair muscle tissue), low body temperature, and hormonal irregularities. Severe protein deficiency is fatal.
Excess protein can cause problems as well, such as causing the immune system to overreact, liver dysfunction from increased toxic residues, possibly bone loss due to increased acidity in the blood, and foundering (foot problems) in horses.
Proteins can often figure in allergies and allergic reactions to certain foods. This is because the structure of each form of protein is slightly different, and some may trigger a response from the immune system while others are perfectly safe. Many people are allergic to casein, the protein in milk; gluten, the protein in wheat and other grains; the particular proteins found in peanuts; or those in shellfish or other seafoods. It is extremely unusual for the same person to adversely react to more than two different types of proteins.

Alanine
Arginine

Asparagine
Aspartic Acid

Cysteine
Glutamic Acid

Glycine
Histidine

Leucine
Lysine

Isoleucine
Methionine

Phenylalanine
Proline

Serine
Tryptophan

Tyrosine
Valine

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates (literally hydrates of carbon) are chemical
compounds which act as the primary biological means of storing or consuming energy;
other forms being via fat and protein. Relatively complex carboyhydrates are known
as polysaccharides.The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides, which are small
straight-chain aldehydes and ketones with many hydroxyl groups added, usually
one on each carbon except the functional group. Other carbohydrates are composed
of monosaccharide units, and break down under hydrolysis. These may be classified
as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, or polysaccharides, depending on whether they
have two, several, or many monosaccharide units.

Glucose
Fructose

Galactose
Lactose

Sucrose
Mannose

Food Phenolics
Phenolic
food compounds (also known as aromatic food compounds) occur naturally in all
foods: they give the food colour and flavour and help to prevent premature decomposition. While phenolic compounds have shown high anti-oxidant properties, in some individuals they are problematic. High levels of phenols in certain foods seem to affect children with autism and individuals with sensitive digestive and/or immune systems.

Ellagic Acid
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)

Epicatechin
Proanthocyanidin

Quercetin
Resveratrol

Fisetin

About Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber (also known as bulk or roughage) includes all the parts of plant food that our bodies cannot digest or absorb. Yet it is an important part of a healthy diet. Dietary Fiber can be soluble or insoluble. While not used as a source of energy dietary fiber has many health benefits. More is being learned about the relationship of gut bacteria with fiber to aid in protection of the cardiovascular system as well as aid in immune protection. See latest news article about the propionate molecule.
IP-6 Phytic Acid
Acts as both an antixoxidant on beneficial to the immune system although also considered an anti-nutrient since it binds metals. See IP-6 Molecule
[H3] Food Molecules that may a role in Cancer Inhibition
Quercetin
IP-6 Molecule
Fisetin
Sulforaphane
Omega-7
Allicin
Vitamin D3
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Resveratrol
[H3] L-Theanine in Green Tea
Green Tea is considered a food and is consumed around the world and is one of the beverages that is considered a superfood. L-Theanine a major component of Green Tea
L-theanine has many benefits inluding: Anti-Anxiety and Depression --Anti-Fatigue --Hypotensive Response --Improvement in Memory --Anti-Tumor --Neuroprotection.
Read more about the L-Theanine Molecule

[IMG: salt crystal molecule]

MOLECULES BEHIND THE SCENES

Food
Molecules that Create the Taste and Texture of Foods

[H4] Molecules of Life Resources
Periodic Table of Elements
Simple Carbon Compounds
What is Nanotechnology?
Explain it with Molecules
How do Drugs Work?

[H4] SENOLYTIC AND ANTI-AGING MOLECULES
RAPAMYCIN ---The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has a central role in cell activation...
METFORMIN -- The diabetes drug metformin used by some for anti-aging may diminish benefits of aerobic exercise...
QUERCETIN-- AND WITH DASATINIB--The senolytic cocktail, dasatinib plus quercetin, which causes selective elimination of senescent cells...
FISETIN--Of the 10 flavonoids tested, fisetin was the most potent senolytic...
EGCG- The most active component of green tea....
NAD BOOSTERS --'...The cells of the old mice were indistinguishable from the young mice, after just one week of treatment...
SULFORAPHANE-- An isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables activates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses by ...
UROLITHIN --Metabolite of Pomegranate compound with anti-aging effects passes human trial...
MITO-Q -- A water soluble fomr of CoQ10 that has excellent absorption and high bioavailability...
HONOKIOL - A bioactive natural product derived from Magnolia Bark have demonstrated ...
CURCUMIN AND ANALOGS -Recent research is focused on the design and synthesis of curcumin analogs as antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory agents...
PIPERLONGUMINE - A natural product from the Long pepper with high bioavailability...
RESVERATROL -- Shown to increase life in yeast and flatworms...
ALLICIN -- Allicin is a compound produced when garlic is crushed or chopped. ...
VITAMIN D3 -- Production of the active forms of Vitamin D are reduced by 50% as a result of an age-related decline
TOCOTRIENOL(AND WITH QUERCETIN) --Tocotrieniols have been found to exert a synergistic antitumor effect on cancer cells when given in combination....

[H4] Molecules in the News

Cannabidiol significantly reduces seizures in patients with severe form of epilepsy  - May 18, 2018
Mechanism for how alcohol increases cancer risk Jan 2018
MitoQ a novel antioxidant makes old blood vessels seem young again April 19, 2018
Spermidine-rich foods may prevent liver cancer, extend lifespan April 2017
Peptide targeting senescent cells restores stamina in elderly miceMarch 2017
Capsaicin, an active ingredient of pungent substances such as chilli or pepper, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells Dec. 2016
Towards a better screen: New molecules promise cheaper, more efficient OLED displays - August 8,2016
Russian scientists speed up human tissue regeneration with supermolecule - August 6,2016
Urolithin A Molecule --Pomegranate finally reveals its powerful anti-aging secret -- July 11, 2016
First mirror image molecule spotted in interstellar space -- June 14, 2016
--SEE MORE MOLECULES IN THE NEWS--

[H1] Molecules of Life

All living organism pass information from one generation to the next with genetic material containing the information needed to construct a complete organism. The number of genes vary from organism to organism.
What are genes?
The gene is the unit of genetic infomation. More complex organisms require a greater number of genes to perform life functions. A gene does not function autonomously, but relies upon other cellular components for its function.All cellular activities obey the known laws of physics and chemistry.
What are genes made of?
All genes regardless of the type of organism are made of the same basic building blocks called nucleic acids. These nucleic acids combine to form long strands know as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). There are four different types of DNA adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T), Guanine (G)

Adenine
Thymine

Guanine
Uracil

DNA is almost a universal genetic material. All know living organisms and many viruses have DNA as their genetic material. Some viruses however, use an alternative nucleic acid, know as ribonucleic aicd (RNA).

[IMG: dna molecule]
DNA image cross-section --See the DNA molecule using Jsmol
What do genes do?
Each gene codes for a different protein. The relationship between a sequence of DNA and the sequence of the corresponding protein is know as the genetic code. Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make protein using genetic information.
Proteins are used to build and repair body parts. All parts of your body contain protein e.g., blood, muscles, brain, skin, and hair.
Proteins
A protein is a complex, high molecular weight organic compound that consists of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. Protein is essential to the structure and function of all living cells and viruses. Many proteins are enzymes or subunits of enzymes. Other proteins play structural or mechanical roles, such as those that form the struts and joints of the "cytoskeleton." Proteins are also nutrient sources for organisms that do not produce their own energy from sunlight. Proteins differ from carbohydrates chiefly in that they contain much nitrogen and a little bit of sulfur, besides carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Proteins are a primary constituent of living things. Below is a table showing all the amino acids that are used to build protein structures.

Alanine
Arginine

Asparagine
Aspartic Acid

Cysteine
Glutamic Acid

Glycine
Histidine

Leucine
Lysine

Hydroxyproline

Isoleucine
Methionine

Phenylalanine
Proline

Serine
Tryptophan

Tyrosine
Valine

Molecules of Life -- The Energy Rich Molecules
All cells require a constant supply of energy to generate and maintain their e biological function. This energy comes from the chemical bond energy in food molecules, which serve as the source of fuel for cells. Energy in cells are stored in energy rich compounds. Some examples are shown below.

AMP
ATP

GTP
DNA

Protein Complexes
[IMG: insulin molecule]
[H4] Insulin Molecule
Signaling Molecules
Nitric Oxide
Dopamine
Serotonin
GABA

[H4] Molecules of Life Resources
Periodic Table of Elements
Simple Carbon Compounds
What is Nanotechnology?
Explain it with Molecules
How do Drugs Work?

WHAT ARE THE BEST CULINARY SCHOOLS IN AMERICA?
-----
COLLEGES WITH FOOD SCIENCE PROGRAMS

[H1] Antioxidant Molecules

[IMG: melatonin molecule structure -- a powerful antioxidant]
Image above: Melatonin molecule-- produced in the pineal gland is also considered a very powerful anti-oxidant.
[H3] What are Antioxidants?
An antioxidant is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemicals. In biological systems,
the normal processes of oxidation (plus a minor contribution from ionizing radiation)
produce highly reactive free radicals. These can readily react with and damage
other molecules: in some cases the body uses this to fight infection. In other
cases, the damage may continue to the body's own cells. The presence of extremely
easily oxidizable compounds in the system can "mop up" free radicals
before they damage other essential molecules.
The following compounds have shown positive antioxidants effects. Each has a unique molecular
structure.
To
view the molecular structure and read about each of the following antioxidants
click below.

Astaxanthin
Beta
Carotene

Ellagic
Acid
Epigallocatechin

Picrocrocin
Epicatechin

Lycopene
Safranal

Lutein
Proanthocyanidins

Quercetin
Resveratrol

Vitamin
C
Vitamin
E

Zeaxanthin
Melatonin

IP-6 (Phytate)
MitoQ

SEE ALSO : THE
MOLECULAR BASIS OF TASTE

[H4] Molecules of Life Resources
Periodic Table of Elements
Simple Carbon Compounds
What is Nanotechnology?
Explain it with Molecules
How do Drugs Work?

WHAT ARE THE BEST CULINARY SCHOOLS IN AMERICA?
-----
COLLEGES WITH FOOD SCIENCE PROGRAMS

[H1]
Drug Molecules

Stimulants
Epinephrine
Cocaine
Metamphetamine
Ritilin
Caffeine
Amphetamine
Pseudoephedrine
Nicotine

Antibiotics
Streptomycin
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Cipro

Sedatives and Tranquilzers
Barbiturate
Diazepam
Anti-Insomnia
Ambien
Rozerem
Melatonin
Irritable Bowel
Linzess
NSAID and Analgesics
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin
Tylenol
Oxycodone
Codeine
Morphine
Cholesterol lowering Statins
Lipitor
Zocor
Pravachol

Anesthetics
Novocaine

Anti-impotence agents
Viagra

Antihistamines
Zantac
Benadryl

Antipsychotics

Haldol
Thorazine
Zyprexa

COX-2 Inhibitors
Vioxx
Celebrex
Bextra

Antiviral
Covid-19
Molnupiravir (Merck)
Flu
Amantadine-- Symmetrel
Oseltamivir-- Tamiflu
Flumadine -- Rimantadine
Zanamivir -- Relenza

Herpes
Acyclovir
Tromantadine
Aids
AZT
COVID-19 Coronavirus NEW
Remdesivir
Favipiravir
Famotidine
Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine
α-ketoamide inhibitors
Nafamostat
lopinavir-ritonair and ribavirin

Chemotherapy Drugs
Cisplantin
Taxol
Cancer
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Sunitinib (Sutent)
Cabozantinib (Cabometyx)
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Dasatinib (Sprycel®)
Nilotinib (Tasigna®)
Bosutinib (Bosulif®)
Ponatinib (Iclusig®)
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Prozac
Zoloft (Sertraline)
Antidepressants
Esketamine
Cannanabinoid Molecules
Cannabidiol - CBD
THC
Anandamine -Endogenous Cannibabinoid
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) Endogenous Cannibinoid
Hallucinogens
THC
MDMA
LSD

Parkinson's Disease
l-dopa

[H4] Molecules of Life Resources

Periodic Table of Elements

Simple Carbon Compounds
What is Nanotechnology?
Explain it with Molecules
How do Drugs Work?

Careers --
What's your interest?
Tomorrow's Jobs
Applying for a Job

[H1] Solvent Molecules

[H3] What
is a Solvent?
A solvent is a liquid
that dissolves a solute. The solvent is the component of a solution that is present
in greater amount.
Perhaps the most common solvent
in everyday life is water. Many other solvents are organic compounds, such as
benzene, tetrachloroethylene, or turpentine.
In chemistry,
a common rule for determining if a solvent will dissolve a given solute is "like
dissolves like." Solvents composed of polar molecules, such as water, dissolve
other polar molecules, such as table salt, while nonpolar solvents, such as gasoline,
dissolve nonpolar substances such as wax. The degree that a solvent dissolves
a given solute is known as its solubility. Ethyl alcohol is highly soluble in
water, for example. Vinegar is very insoluble in oil, and the two substances will
quickly separate into two layers even after being shaken well.
[H3] Solvent Molecules

Water
Ethanol

Cyclohexane
Acetone

Heptane
Benzene

Turpentine
Methanol

TCE Tetrachloroethylene
Hexane

Chloroform
Pentane

Toluene

[H4] Molecules of Life Resources
Periodic Table of Elements
Simple Carbon Compounds
What is Nanotechnology?
Explain it with Molecules
How do Drugs Work?